Tag Archive for development

Religion and development in Africa

Tipped from SSRC’s The Immanent Frame blog:

At African Arguments, Knox Chitiyo and Lucy Mbugua inves­ti­gate the poten­tial for faith-based groups to con­tribute to the achieve­ment of the Millennium Development Goals in Africa:

Could faith groups be a pow­er­ful dri­ver in achiev­ing the Millenium Development Goals (MDG’s) in Africa? Recent think­ing and ini­tia­tives in Africa and within the wider African dias­pora, cer­tainly seem to indi­cate that faith groups can, and should, be seen as part­ners and/or dri­vers in push­ing towards the 2015 MDG goals. The MDGS are par­tic­u­larly focused on the erad­i­ca­tion of extreme poverty and hunger; achiev­ing uni­ver­sal pri­mary edu­ca­tion, pro­mot­ing gen­der equal­ity, com­bat­ing deadly dis­eases and improv­ing mater­nal health. Continental and dias­pora African faith groups, with their diverse con­stituen­cies and access to infor­ma­tion and power net­works, are uniquely placed to assist in ful­fill­ing Africa and the African diaspora’s vision of devel­op­ment in the 21st Century.

The idea of faith groups as cat­a­lysts for con­struc­tive change is not a new one; but it is an idea whose time may have come. Within Africa, there has been increas­ing debate and real-world ini­tia­tives on engag­ing the faith com­mu­ni­ties regard­ing a trans­for­ma­tive devel­op­ment agenda. For exam­ple, the Inter-faith Action for Peace in Africa [IFAPA] has, since 2002, been a focal point for a multi-faith dia­logue which also engages key polit­i­cal and busi­ness deci­sion mak­ers on vital issues such as water secu­rity and con­flict res­o­lu­tion – there have been a num­ber of IFAPA sum­mits which have also included national and regional deci­sion – mak­ers. Faith groups also play a major role in the African dias­pora; the July 2011 ‘Communities of Faith; Agents of Change’ con­fer­ence (hosted by the All Party Parliamentary Group for Africa) was both an affir­ma­tion of the impor­tance of African dias­pora multi faith com­mu­ni­ties, and also a clar­ion call for bet­ter co-ordinated action for con­struc­tive change by the faith groups and pol­icy makers.

Religion is a potent force in Africa and across the globe. Faith groups tra­di­tion­ally con­fine their min­is­tra­tions to social inter­ven­tions, but there is poten­tial for reli­gion and faith com­mu­ni­ties to play a deeper trans­for­ma­tive role in upgrad­ing or chang­ing inef­fec­tive social/value sys­tems; enhanc­ing local best prac­tice and capacity-building for devel­op­ment. Traditional reli­gious empha­sis on spir­i­tu­al­ity and rigour is impor­tant, but it needs to be allied to the real-world chal­lenge of uplift­ing mil­lions from poverty.

religious opposition to development

This isn’t a com­pre­hen­sive post on the issue by any means, but I’m going to start post­ing bits and pieces as they build towards a more coher­ent research project.

In March 2011, var­i­ous reli­gious groups in Korea — Protestants, Won Buddhists, Catholics, etc. — held events to oppose The Four Major Rivers Restoration Project, Lee Myung-bak administration’s con­tro­ver­sial and costly attempt to boost con­struc­tion and devel­op­ment at the risk of sig­nif­i­cant envi­ron­men­tal degra­da­tion. (Check out the highly biased and woe­fully inad­e­quate Wikipedia entry on this, and my blog post in 2008 on the ear­lier incar­na­tion of this project as the Grand Canal project.) Much of the oppo­si­tion has been orga­nized both by envi­ron­men­tal activists and reli­gious groups rec­og­niz­ing this as an astound­ing threat to rural liveli­hood and eco­log­i­cal integrity. There have been count­less faith-based events empha­siz­ing religion’s role as stew­ards of the nat­ural environment.

I’ve been focus­ing on Buddhists for a while since they’re mount­ing the most vis­i­ble oppo­si­tion, but here’s a short arti­cle with an intrigu­ing image that caught my eye.

Catholics protest Four River Restoration Project

The ban­ner reads, “To defend the rivers and lands of life, we can not stop farm­ing or the Masses.” According to the arti­cle, the par­tic­i­pants shouted slo­gans like “Farming or Masses can not be stopped!” and “Four Rivers Project must be stopped imme­di­ately!” It was a nation­ally coor­di­nated event, with over 1,500 Catholics attend­ing “Mass for Life and Peace” held not only in Seoul and the Gyeonggi region, but also Daejeon, Daegu, Jeonju, and Gwangju.

It’s inter­est­ing to see how “life” car­ries mul­ti­ple mean­ings in this con­text — nature as God-given life, farm­ing and land cul­ti­va­tion as life, and reli­gion as a way towards eter­nal life. And of course, any­thing “pro-life” in the Catholic con­text reminds me of anti-abortion rhetoric in the US.

Here are the Catholic News Korea sto­ries tagged with Four Rivers Project.

Assistant Professor, School for International Studies, Simon Fraser University

Assistant Professor Position
School for International Studies
Simon Fraser University

The School for International Studies invites appli­ca­tions for a full time, tenure track posi­tion at the Assistant Professor level, in the Politics/Sociology of Development. The suc­cess­ful can­di­date will hold, or expect to com­plete by Fall 2012, a doc­toral degree in polit­i­cal sci­ence, soci­ol­ogy or social/cultural anthro­pol­ogy, or human geog­ra­phy; and will be required to teach at both grad­u­ate and under­grad­u­ate lev­els, includ­ing foun­da­tion courses in International Studies. Candidates will be expected to have exper­tise regard­ing a region of the devel­op­ing world. In addi­tion an abil­ity to employ and teach mixed – quan­ti­ta­tive and qual­i­ta­tive — meth­ods will be an advan­tage. Read more

Korea Focus: essays on humanitarianism and human rights

Two inter­est­ing essays in the lat­est issue of Korea Focus, a pub­li­ca­tion of the Korea Foundation.

South Korea’s Internal Division over Humanitarian Aid to North Korea and North Korean Human Rights

Jhe Seong-ho
Professor of Law at Chung-Ang University;
Former Human Rights Ambassador
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade

The ques­tion of human­i­tar­ian aid to North Korea has become a major social and polit­i­cal issue in South Korea, pit­ting lib­er­als against con­ser­v­a­tives, and mod­er­ates against hard-liners. These groups have taken sharply dif­fer­ent posi­tions regard­ing the dis­tri­b­u­tion of aid to the North, sus­pected diver­sion of aid to the North’s mil­i­tary and link­ing mate­r­ial assis­tance to other mat­ters con­cern­ing inter-Korean rela­tions. These con­flicts derive from North Korea’s uncom­mon sta­tus as an entity that will even­tu­ally have to be reuni­fied with the South and as a threat to the South’s secu­rity. If assis­tance was intended for a coun­try stricken by nat­ural dis­as­ter, there would be no such discord.

A Critical Review on the Debate of Korean Development Model
Back Jong-gook
Professor of Political Science
Gyeongsang National University

The Korean devel­op­ment model is a the­o­ret­i­cally and prac­ti­cally impor­tant topic. It not only rep­re­sents the his­tory of the Korean com­mu­nity but also pro­vides lessons for the future of this com­mu­nity. Moreover, the Korean model is a valu­able ref­er­ence for Third World coun­tries that are try­ing to develop in sim­i­lar ways. […] This paper has two objec­tives. First, it intends to con­duct a crit­i­cal review of the the­o­ries sur­round­ing Korea‘s devel­op­ment that have been dis­cussed in Korean polit­i­cal sci­ence acad­e­mia, a group of approx­i­mately 1,700 polit­i­cal sci­en­tists and researchers. Among many, three the­o­ries are selected in con­sid­er­a­tion of their his­tor­i­cal con­text and will be intro­duced in this paper. The sec­ond objec­tive is to ana­lyze the com­mon char­ac­ter­is­tics of these theories.Sung kim

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Also, it looks like Sung Kim, Washington’s spe­cial envoy to the six-party nuclear talks, is likely to become the next ambas­sador to South Korea. If Kim is cho­sen, it would be the first time in the 129-year his­tory of US-Korea bilat­eral ties that an eth­nic Korean a Korean American has been appointed to the posi­tion.
http://​eng​lish​.chosun​.com/​s​i​t​e​/​d​a​t​a​/​h​t​m​l​_​d​i​r​/​2​0​1​1​/​0​5​/​2​0​/​2​0​1​1​0​5​2​0​0​0​5​0​6​.​h​tml